10/9/2023 0 Comments Lithium atom modelIn fact, the exact ordering of subshells becomes more complicated at this point (after argon, with its 18 electrons), so we will not consider the electron configurations of larger atoms.Ī fourth subshell, the f subshell, is needed to complete the electron configurations for all elements. However, a curious thing happens after the 3 p subshell is filled: the 4 s subshell begins to fill before the 3 d subshell does. The first two subshells of the third shell are filled in order-for example, the electron configuration of aluminum, with 13 electrons, is 1 s 22 s 22 p 63 s 23 p 1. The d subshell can hold a maximum of 10 electrons. The third shell has three subshells, labeled s, p, and d. Because the second shell has only two subshells, atoms with more electrons now must begin the third shell. With neon, the 2 p subshell is completely filled. Thus, the electron configurations for the next six atoms are as follows: Now that the 2 s subshell is filled, electrons in larger atoms start filling the 2 p subshell. The next largest atom, beryllium, has 4 electrons, so its electron configuration is 1 s 22 s 2. Figure 2.6.1 Shell diagram of lithium (Li) atom. The shell closest to the nucleus (first shell) has 2 dots representing the 2 electrons in 1 s, while the outermost shell ( 2 s) has 1 electron. The shell diagram for a lithium atom is shown below. Because lithium’s final electron goes into the 2 s subshell, we write the electron configuration of a lithium atom as 1 s 22 s 1. The 2 s subshell holds a maximum of 2 electrons, and the 2 p subshell holds a maximum of 6 electrons. The second shell has two subshells, s and p, which fill with electrons in that order. Two of the lithium electrons can fit into the 1 s subshell, but the third electron must go into the second shell. The 1 s subshell cannot hold 3 electrons (because an s subshell can hold a maximum of 2 electrons), so the electron configuration for a lithium atom cannot be 1 s 3. Both electrons fit into the 1 s subshell because s subshells can hold up to 2 electrons therefore, the electron configuration for helium atoms is 1 s 2(spoken as “one-ess-two”). The electron configuration of a hydrogen atom is spoken out loud as “one-ess-one.” Electron configurations are shorthand descriptions of the arrangements of electrons in atoms. This structure is called an electron configuration. Thus, because a hydrogen atom has its single electron in the s subshell of the first shell, we use 1 s 1 to describe the electronic structure of hydrogen. We combine the shell and subshell labels when referring to the organization of electrons about a nucleus and use a superscript to indicate how many electrons are in a subshell. This first shell has only one subshell, which is labeled 1 s and can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. As shown in Table 2.6.1, the first shell, closest to the nucleus and with the lowest-energy electrons, is shell 1. We use numbers to indicate which shell an electron is in. It is the arrangement of electrons into shells and subshells that most concerns us here, so we will focus on that. Any s subshell can hold up to 2 electrons p, 6 d, 10 and f, 14.
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